GERUND AND INFINITIVE

A.    Gerund

Gerund is the verb+ing and have the same form with present participle. Gerund adalah kata  kerja yang dibendakan menjadi:

   1.      Gerund sebagai subjek kalimat

Example:

Smoking is not good for our health.

Fishing needs patience.

   2.      Gerund sebagai pelengkap\complement

Example:

One of her hobbies is collecting foreign stamps.

My brothers profession is boxing.

   3.      Gerund sebagai objek kalimat

Example:

My father likes playing golf.

I enjoy living in this city.

  4.      Kata kerja yang diikuti gerund

Admit Avoid Deny Finish Mention Practise Recommend Resist

Advise Complete Discuss Forget Mind Quit Regret Risk

Anticipate Consider Dislike Can’t help Miss Recall Remember Stop

Appreciate Delay Enjoy Keep Postpone Recollect Resent Suggest

Example :

I always finish working at 6 o’clock.

I don`t mind helping him in the office.

  5.      Gerund sesudah possessive adjective

My     your     his     her      our      their

Example :

Her living made me sad.

I could hear her crying.

  6.      Gerund sesudah kata depan (preposition)

Jika kata kerja (verb), kata sifat (adjective), kata benda (noun), diikuti kata depan (preposition) kata kerja berikutnya harus gerund.

a.       Verb + preposition

Approve of Give up Keep on

Insist on Succed in Count on

Keen on Think of Rely on

Depend on Worry about Object to

Example :

Jane is thinking of going to Japan nexth month.

My father has given up smoking.

b.      Adjective + preposition

Accustomed to Tired of

Capable of Interested in

Fond of Afraid of

Successful in Intent on

Example :

She is afraid of meeting her boss in the office.

I am interested in seeing this film.

c.       Noun + preposition

Choice of Method for/of

Excuse for Possibility of

Intension of Reason for

Example :

There is possibility of meeting him tomorrow.

I have no reason for leaving this village.

   7.      Sesudah kata go dan come, kata kerja yang menunjukkan suatu kegiatan olahraga atau rekreasi yang bersifat fisik dalam bentuk ing.

Go boating Go dancing Go jogging Go swimming Go shopping

Go bowling Go fishing Go riding Go sightseeing Go shooting

Go camping Go hiking Go running Go skating Go golfing

Go hunting Go sailing Go sleding Go window shopping

Example :

Father usually goes hunting on Sunday morning.

The children don’t go swimming today.

    8.      Gerund digunakan untuk menunjukkan larangan (prohibition)

No parking/dilarang parkir.

No smoking/dilarang merokok.

No fishing/dilarang memancing.

No trespasssing/dilarang masuk (tanpa izin).

No camping/dilarang berkemah.

No spitting/dilarang meludah.

B.     Infinitive

Infinitive adalah kata kerja bentuk pertama yang terdiri dari bare infinitive (infinitive tanpa to) dan to infinitive (infinitive yang didahului oleh to). Dalam kalimat “I study english every Monday”.”Study adalah bare infinitive karena dalam kalimat tidak didahului “to”, sedangkan dalam kalimat “ I want to buy dictionary”kata “want” diikuti oleh “to buy” adalah to infinitive. Perlu sekali diketahui kapan kita menggunakan bare infinitive dan to infinitive.

1.      Bare Infinitive

a.       Bare Infinitive digunakan sesudah modal auxiliary ( can,must,might,will, so on ).

Example :

He can not speak english well

You might come to my office tommorow

b.      Bare Infinitive digunakan sesudah kata let

Jika kata kerja let  diikuti oleh bare infinitive untuk menyatakan saran atau suggestion.

Example :

Let’s study at my house

Let’s have lunch together

c.       Make+ bare infinitive or to infinitive

Dalam kalimat aktif, “make” diikuti oleh bare infinitive

Example :

The boss made us work hard

Dalam kalimat pasif make diikuti oleh to infinitive

Example :

We were made to work hard

d.      Would rather and had better

Baik “would rather” maupun “had batter” diikuti oleh bare infinitive. “Would rather” artinya lebih suka/lebih senang”, sedangkan “had batter” artinya “sebaliknya”.

Example :

I would rather stay at home today.

We had batter leave this place now.

e.       Verb of perception

Kita bisa menggunakan kata benda atau object Pronoun setelah kata-kata : Feel, hear, look at, notice, observe, see, smell, watch) +  bare infinitive. Jika verb of perception diikuti bare infinitive menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian atau peristiwa berlangsung sampai selesai.

Example :

I heard him tell a story last night.

I saw them finish the work.

2.      To infinitive

To infinitive adalah infinitive yang didahului oleh to. Dalam kalimat  I want to buy a dictionary, “want” diikuti oleh “to buy” disebut to infinitive.

a.       To infinitive digunakan untuk menunjukkan maksud atau tujuan.

Example:

He went  to Japan to study japanese

He came here to pick me up

He is leaving for America to continue his studies

b.      To infinitive digunakan sesudah: the first, the second, the last, the only.

Example:

He was the first to come and the last to leave

He was the second man to be sentences to death

John was the only one to survive in the accident

c.       Too\enough+adjective+to infinitive

Example:

He is too young to understand the problem

She is ypung enough to do the work

d.      Kata kerja yang diikuti to infinitive

Berikut kata kerja yang diikuti oleh to infinitive

Agree Beg Decide Fail Learn Plant Refuse Threaten

Ask Claim Demand Forget Manage Prepare Remember Volunteer

Atempt Care Deserve Hope Mean Pretend Struggle wait

Range Come Expect Hesitate Need Promise Swear Waish

Appear Consent Intend Offer Regret Tend Want

Example:

He decided not to continue the work

I agree to sign the contract

We came to see him

e.       Verb + object (noun\pronoun)+to infinitive

Advice Beg Expect Hire Permit Teach

Allow Cause Oncourage Instruct Persuade Tell

Ask Convince Forbid Invite Remind Urge

Beg Challence Force Order Require Want

          Example:

          I ask him to mail the letters

          We ordered him to clean the house

          I had urged him to reconsider his decision

f.                 Verb+that\object pronoun+to infinitive

Believe Imagine Suppose

Consider Know Say

Discover Find Think

Find Prove Understand

           Example:

           People know that Mr. Moore is an honest old man

           People know   Mr. Moore to be an honest man

g.                          Adjective+ to infinitive

Afraid Careful Dangerous Happy Fit Liable Ready

Able Curious Free Hard Fated Loathe Prepared

Anxious Eager Glad Sorry Fated Inclined Unwilling

Ashamed Easy Good Frightened Likely Fated Willing